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02484 GENDER MARGINALIZATION - A CHALLENGE FORMICROBICIDES AS A PREVENTION OPTION FOR WOMEN IN INDIA Kumaramangalam Lalitha Fifteen years after the HIV epidemic began in India, today more women are being infected than men. As Indian women have no control over their sexual and reproductive lives they are vulnerable to STIs/RTIs. Furthermore, IEC and prevention campaigns have failed to address the needs of women, and they continue to lack the necessary skills to negotiate for safer sex. A patriarchal social system and the inability to voice their needs, opinions or feelings have exacerbated the situation. In India only men are permitted to have sexual desires. Sexual violence against women, including marital rape is not recognized as a crime and often goes unpunished. The onus for 100% condom use is often thrust on women, especially sex workers. Recent research on female condoms has demonstrated womens dependence on the concurrence of their male partners. Hence, in India, research into microbicides must be culture and gender sensitive, focussing on womens marginalization, including that of positive women. It has become imperative to integrate issues of RTIs/STIs/HIV and womens rights into all developmental programs directed at women. Simultaneously mens involvement must emphasize enhanced male responsibility, without reiterating/exacerbating the existing gender bias. Only then can microbicides be an efficacious and sustainable prevention option for Indias women. Lalitha Kumaramangalam |
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